Method of weaving



April-27, 1926. 1,582,415

F. B, MANLEY METHOD OF WEAVING Filed June 30, 1922 Patented Apr. 27,1926.

. FRED n. MANLEY, .QEPATERSON, NEW ASSZGNOR, BY MESNE sssrenrannrs,

T0 TEXTILES DEVELQPMENT CORPORATION,

OF. DELAWARE.

To all ZQ/LOHZ it may concern. 7

Be it known that I, FRED Mam-Any, .1. citizen of the United States ofAmerica, residing at Paterson, in the county of Passaic and State of NewJersey, have iin'entcd'certain new and useful lmproven'ients in Methods.of lVeaving, of which the following is a specification V i My. presentinvention relates to certain improvements in methods of wearing tab.-rics, and particularlyfabrics in, which there is warp preferably madeup, of a'hcavf and a light yarn and in which the weft or fillingstrands. are laid across the heavy warp alternately onfopposite sidesthereof, the weft strands being held in positionby the supplementalwarp. strands. in producing fabric of this character, it is desirablefor ccrtain uses of the fabric, as for instance in cord tires, that themainor cord threads 01' the warp shall extend iirstraight lines and nothe forced into undulations in the weaving, and to this end, it isdesirable that the supplemental. threads of the warp shall not draw theweft threads down between the main warp threads so as to cause, waves'inthe main warp threads.

By my present method, Iain enabled to weave such a i' ahric as has beendescribed or any similar fabric, without dil'licnlty and withoutdistorting the main warp threadsor the weft, tl'llGflLlS out of theirplanes.

One forin'in which my invention may be carried out is illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is'a more or less diagrammaticrepresentation of a looin set up to operate in accordance with myinvention;

Fig. 2 is the same as Figure l, with the parts in a different position;i

Figures 3, 4 and 5 are respectii'ely plan, section side elevation andsectional end elevation of a fabric which I am enabled to weave by mymethod and which is the fabric which I have chosen for purposes ofillustration in connection with the description of my method, and IFigures 6, 7-, 8 and 9 are diagrammatic illustrations or": steps in theweaving.

' Like reference characters indicate like parts in the accompanyingdrawings.

In the following description, I will describe the weaving of the "fabricshown in on NEW YORK, A conronsrron QMETEQQD, OF wnavrne.

hp alicatioil filed June 30, lS ZZfSeriQI No. 571,850.

Figs. 3,4 and 5 to illustrate my invention, but it will be understoodthat myinvention is not limited to the wearing of fabric of thatspecific kind. i

Referring first to the fabric shown in Figs. 3, l and 5,10 are the mainwarp strands, 11 thesupplemeutal warp strands- 11ml 12 and 13 the wettor hinder strands. As illustrated in these views, it, will be seen thatthe main or cord strands 10 have the weft strands 12 and 13 lying acrossthe strands 10, with the supplemental warp strands 11 passingalternately over the binder strands. -12- and 13, but without drawingthe strands 12and'l3 v down between the cords 10 and ll, and there torewithont exerting any pressure which would" distort the cord strands 10.Yet, the supplementalstrandsll are drawn sufficiently tight to hold thebinder strands 12' and 13 in position. V V

Referring now to. Figs. 1 and 2, which show diagrammatically 'a loom setup to weave the fabric just described, 14 is the warp beam rfor the mainwarp or cord strands l0 and 15 is the warp beam for the supplementalwarp strands l1. From the warp beam 1- the cord strands 10 pass over aroller or, rod 16 and around le'ase' rods 1"? and finzilly-under the rodBand tl n'ough theliarness repres nted by the heddles 19 and EEO'i-htothei ell of the cloth which begins at about the position oiithe rod 21,the cloth finally passing, over the cloth beam and being taken up by theusual rollers. Similarly, the supplemental warp strands ll pass from thebeam 15 under a roller or red through the harness and into the fell oi'the cloth. he rod rests on the cloth to hold it down when theheavy shedis up.

In car 11g out my method, llpreiterably take lip-the cloth only at everyother'piclz,

and the parts in F 1 are shown in the position which they occupy duringthe pick when the cloth 1s not taken up.

Figure 2 is like Fig. 1 except that the parts are shown in the positionwhich they occupy during the pick when the cloth moves forward. I

Comparing the parts in the position shown dies 20 and then extenddownwardly at an from the rod or roller angle to pass under the rod 18.The supplemental warp strands 11 pass at an angle downward from the rodor roller 23 through the eyes of the heddles 20 and then through anangle to the fell of the cloth. The opening between the strands and 11forms the. shed through which the weft strand 13 is passed, with thisweft strand extending below the cord strands 10. The position of theheddles in the harness is now shifted to that shown in Fig. 2, and nowit will be seen that the supplemental warp strands 11 extendsubstantially horizontally from the rod or roller 23 to the fell of thecloth while the cord strands extend at an angle from the fell of thecloth to the heddles 20. A shed is formed between the supplemental warpstrands 11 and the main 'arp strands 10 and a weft strand 12 is nowpassed through this shed to lie above the cord strands 10 of the warp.It is during this pick that the cloth is moved forward.

In Fig. 1, it will be noted that the supplemental warp strands 11 extendin an angle 23 to the fell of the cloth,by reason of the position of theheddles 19. On the other hand, in Fig. 2, there is substantially astraight line between the fell of the cloth and the rod 23.Consequently, the length of yarn from the rod 23 to the fell of thecloth is longer in Fig. 1 than in Fig. 2. On the other hand, because ofthe relative positions of the rods 18 with the fell of the cloth inconnection with the positions of the eyes of the heddles as they movedown, the tension on the main 1O w1ll remain substantially conup andstrands stant.

As the supplemental warp moves from the position shown in Fig. 2 to theposition shown in Fig. 1, the warp will be drawn from the beam 15 togive the increased length which the warp strands 11 occupy in Fig. 1.When the harness is reversed and the strands 11 are carried to theposition shown in Fig. 2, slack will be formed or the tension relievedbetween the fell of the cloth and the roller 23, and it is this formingof slack, preferably with the taking up of the cloth at alternate picks,which enables me to weave a fabric such as shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5. Ifdesired, the roller 23 may be provided with a spring, as 21, which willnormally move it to the right in Figs. 1 and 2. This spring provides aslight amount of tension on the strands 11 between the roller and thefell of the cloth, so that as the slack is produced by moving from theposition shown in Fig. 1 to the position shown in Fig. 2, the strandswill not become snarled, since the spring 24 will move the rod 23 tokeep the st "ands 11 taut. It will be. understood, of course, thatroller 23 may have a fixed position, if desired.

Referring now to Figs. 6, 7, S and 9, the

preferred steps are shown by which the fabric shown in Figs. 3, i and 5is produced, which fabric is described in my Patent No 1,483,467 dated()ctober 24., 1922. In Fig. (J, the shed is formed as in Fig. 1. Theweft thread 131 is now inserted, the cloth not being taken up on thispick. The harness then reverses its position so that the main warpthreads 10 are carried down to the position shown in Fi 7 and 'arpthreads are carried up to the position shown in that figure. It will beremembered, however, that in moving from the position shown in Fig. 6 tothe position shown in Fig. 7, no tension is on the threads 11, since atthis time, slack is being formed between the roller ..3 and the fell ofthe cloth. Consequently, there is no drawing of the supplemental threads11 against the weft strand 131. In the position shown in Fig. 7, theweft strand 121 is now inserted and forced to the position shown in Fig.8 by the reed B- when the strand 121 is beaten up. It will be noted thatin Fig. 8, the strands 121 and 131 are substantially in the samevertical plane, because the cloth not having been taken up between thesetwo picks, the reed will locate strands 121 and 131 in substantially thesame vertical plane. Now, the harness again reverses to carry the warpinto the positicn shown, in Fig. 9, and, at the same time, the cloth istaken up, so that by reason of the angles at which the supplementalstrands 11 are now drawn, thewveft strand 121 mores slightly along thecord strands 10 into the position shown in Fig. 9, when the cycle isready to begin again. It will be noted that in Fig. 7, when the weftstrand 121 is moved from the position in that figure to the positionshown in Fig. 8, the strands 11 are under no tension, and, in fact, areprovided with a slight amount of slack, so that this beating up of thestrand 121 does not pro- .duce a tension on the strands 11 between thestrands 121 and 131. Consequently the latter are not drawn down betweenthe strands 10, as would be the case if slack were not provided at thistime in the strands 11.

\Vhile I have described my method in connection with the weaving ofcloth having a warp formed of threads of considerable difference insize, it will be understood that this is immaterial so far as my methodis concerned, and that the relative size of the yarn in the severalstrands can be varied as desired. It will also be understood that while,preferably, I regulate the amount of slack in the supplemental warpstrandsll, so that there is no tendency to draw the weft strands 12 downbetween the main warp strands, nevertheless a slight amount of tensionmay be provided and the amount of this tension can be predetermined byshifting the positions of the eyes of the the supplemental ion heddles19, so that the dilferenceinthelength of the strands between the rod 23and the fell of the cloth in the'position shown in Fig. l as comparedwith that in Fig. 2 may be varied. For instance, if the position ofthese eyes were raised. somewhat in Fig. 1, then it would be obviousthat'in Fig. 2, the threads 11. would make an angle between the roller23 and the fell of the cloth, but if this angle were not as great as theangle of the same threads in the position shown in Fig. 1, it is obviousthat some slack will be formed. i V i Because the weftstrands are wovenwithout being distorted from a straight line or substantially withoutsuch distortion, I find i t unnecessary to use the usual temples, and Ihave found that a plain rod, such as is shown at 21, is sufficient tohold the cloth in position. i

W'hile preferably I provide the slack in the supplemental warp bychanging the angles thereof between two fixed points,it is obvious thatother means may be used to provide such slack or to relieve the tensionon such supplemental'warp, such as any suitable let-off mechanism, whichmay be arranged to release and apply tension to such strands. For somepurposes, the cloth may be taken up at each pick, the tension on thesupplemental warp being released for each pick. y

I claim l. The method of weaving a fabric of the class describedcomprising the formation of a shed between the main warp threads and thesupplemental warp threads with the main warp threads substantiallyhorizontal between the fell of the cloth and the harness and thesupplemental warp threads making an angle between the fell of the clothand a point adjacent the supplemental warp beam,'inserting a fillingthread and beating it up, reversing all the warp threads and bringingthe supplemental warp threads into a substantially straight line betweenthe fell of the cloth and said point, whereby tension on thesupplemental warp threads is relieved, inserting a second fillingthread, heating it up and taking up the cloth the space of two picks.

2. The method of weaving a fabric of the class described comprising theformation of a shed between the main warp threads and the supplementalwarp threads,with the sup plemental warp threads making an angle betweenthe fell of the cloth and a point adjacent the supplemental warp beam,inserting a'filling thread in the shed and heating it up, reversing allthe warp threads and bringing the supplemental warp threads into asubstantially straigl'itline between the fell of the cloth and saidpoint, whereby tension on the supplemental warp threads 18 relieved,inserting a second filling thread, beatlng it up and taking up the'cloththe space of two and taking up the cloth the space of two K .picks.

4%. The method of weaving a fabric of the class described comprising theformation of a shed between the main warp threads and the supplementalwarp threads, inserting a filling thread in the shed and beats ing itup, reversing the warp threads in the shed and simultaneously relievingthe tension on the supplemental warp threads,

inserting a second filling thread in the shed,

heating it up and taking up the cloth the space of two picks.

5. The method of weaving a fabric of the class describedcomprising theformation of a shed between the main warp threads and the supplementalwarp threads, reversing the positions of the. warp threads in the shedfor each pick and relieving the tension on the supplemental warp threadsat each alternate reversal, inserting a filling thread for each reversalof the warp threads in the shed and taking up the cloth .the space oftwo picks at each alternate pick and when the tension on thesupplemental warp threads is relieved. 6. The method of weaving a fabricof the class described comprising inserting the filling threads betweenthe main threads and the supplemental warp threads with the supplementalwarp threads alternately on opposite sides of thefilling threads,providing slack in the supplemental warp threads for each alternate pickand taking up the cloth the space of two picks at each alternate pickand when the supplemental warp threads are slack.

7. The method of-weaving a fabric of the class described comprisinginserting the fil ing threads between the main threads and thesupplemental warp threads with the supplemental warp threads alternatelyon opposite sides of the filling threads, and providing slack in thesupplemental warp threads to relieve the tension in the supplementalwarp threads as the cloth is taken up and insure tension in the mainwarp threads.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York, and State of 27 day ofJune 1922,

FRED P. MANLEY.

a fabric of the New York, this l GO

